35. 课程_35 MicroPython:音乐机器#

Micro:bit Tinker Kit 组件

35.1. 入门#

编译前准备#

掌握Micro：bit Tinker Kit
下载Mu编辑器 https://codewith.mu/

35.2. 项目01：音乐机器#

引脚布局

蜂鸣器：Pin0
ADKeypad：Pin2

../../_images/6Fmls7e.jpg

关于ADKeypad的小注释按下按钮时，ADKeypad返回模拟信号。按下的每个按钮将返回一个唯一的整数值，范围从0（表示0V）到1023（表示3V）。

但是，在不同的时间按下每个按钮会给出一小部分值并且不同的ADKeypads可能会再次给出不同的信号，这种情况并不少见。因此，在此示例代码中，我们提供了一系列可能的值，按下时ADKeypad的按钮可能会返回。

您可以随意测试ADKeypad在按下时可能返回的值，并更改示例代码中的值 .

from microbit import *
	import music   
	#pins
	ADKeypad_pin = pin2
	Buzzer_pin = pin0
	while True:
		 // buttonA 
		 if ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() > 0 and ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() < 10:
		     music.play('f3:4', pin=Buzzer_pin)
		  
		 //buttonB 
		 if ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() > 45 and ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() < 55:
		     music.play('g3:4', pin=Buzzer_pin)
		 
		 // buttonC 
		 if ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() > 90 and ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() < 100:
		     music.play('a3:4', pin=Buzzer_pin)
		  
		 // buttonD 
		 if ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() > 136 and ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() < 139:
		     music.play('b3:4', pin=Buzzer_pin)
		  
		 // buttonE 
		 if ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() > 535 and ADKeypad_pin.read_analog() < 545:
		     music.play('c2:4', pin=Buzzer_pin)

35.3. 项目02：智能灯#

引脚布局

PIR传感器：Pin0
LED：Pin1

../../_images/ZbReHPH.jpg

		from microbit import *

				#pins
			PIR_pin = pin0
			LED_pin = pin1

			while True:
			# if PIR Sensor detects motion, turn on LED
			if PIR_pin.read_digital(): 
   			 	LED_pin.write_digital(1)
			 else:
   			 	LED_pin.write_digital(0)

35.4. 项目03：Electro-Theremin#

引脚布局

蜂鸣器：Pin0
电位器：Pin1

../../_images/HfvRrJ7.jpg

from microbit import *
	import music

	#pins
	Potentiometer_pin = pin1
	Buzzer_pin = pin2

	# values for mapping 
	highest_p_note = 1023
	lowest_p_note = 1
	highest_note  = 988
	lowest_note = 131

	potentiometer_note = 0
	modified_note = lowest_note

	#modify the note 
	def modify_note(p_value): # p is potentiometer
	new_note = (p_value-lowest_p_note)/(highest_p_note-lowest_p_note)*(highest_note-lowest_note)+ lowest_note
	return int(new_note)
 
	while True:
	potentiometer_note = Potentiometer_pin.read_analog()
	display.show(potentiometer_note) 
	modified_note = modify_note(potentiometer_note)
	music.pitch(modified_note, pin = Buzzer_pin)

35.5. 项目04：简单报警箱#

引脚布局

碰撞传感器：Pin0
LED：Pin8

OLED：I2C行（位于BoB的底部）

  from microbit import *
  	import time
  	import math

  	# Adapted from https://github.com/fizban99/microbit_ssd1306
  	OLED_ADDR = 0x3c
  	oled_screen = bytearray('b\x40') + bytearray(512)

  	def oled_initialize():
  	 for c in ([0xae], [0xa4], [0xd5, 0xf0], [0xa8, 0x3f], [0xd3, 0x00], [0 | 0x0], [0x8d, 0x14], [0x20, 0x00], [0x21, 0, 127], [0x22, 0, 63], [0xa0 | 0x1], [0xc8], [0xda, 0x12], [0x81, 0xcf], [0xd9, 0xf1], [0xdb, 0x40], [0xa6], [0xd6, 1], [0xaf]):
  	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray(c))
  	def oled_set_pos(col=0, page=0):
  	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray([0xb0 | page]))
  	c1, c2 = col * 2 & 0x0F, col >> 3
  	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray([0x00 | c1]))
  	 i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray([0x10 | c2]))
  	def oled_clear_screen(c=0):
  	global oled_screen
  	oled_set_pos()
  	  for i in range(1, 513):
  	   oled_screen[i] = 0
  	 oled_draw_screen()

  	def oled_draw_screen():
  	global oled_screen
  	 oled_set_pos()
  	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, oled_screen)
  	def oled_add_text(x, y, text):
  	 global oled_screen
  	 for i in range(0, min(len(text), 12 - x)):
  	for c in range(0, 5):
      col = 0
      for r in range(1, 6):
          p = Image(text[i]).get_pixel(c, r - 1)
          col = col | (1 << r) if (p != 0) else col
      ind = x * 10 + y * 128 + i * 10 + c * 2 + 1
      oled_screen[ind], oled_screen[ind + 1] = col, col
  	oled_set_pos(x * 5, y)
  	ind0 = x * 10 + y * 128 + 1
  	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x40' + oled_screen[ind0 : (ind+1)])

  	#allow overflow to go onto the next line
  		def oled_add_text_new_line(x, y, text):
  	length_text = len(text)
  	separated_text = []
  	counter = 0
  	num_of_lines = math.ceil(length_text/12)
  	letters_in_line = 12

  	for line in range(0,num_of_lines):
 		 separated_text.append([])
  	#separated_text[line].append(y*(line+1))
  	for l in range(0,letters_in_line):
     	 separated_text[line].append(text[letters_in_line*line+l])
      counter +=1
      if counter == length_text:
          break

  	 #draw letters
  	for i in range(0,len(separated_text)):
 		 oled_add_text(x,y+i,separated_text[i])


  	# Screen divided into 12 columns and 4 rows

  	oled_initialize()
  	oled_clear_screen()

  	# Start Simple Alarm Box Code here 

  	#pins
  	CrashSensor_pin = pin0
  	LED_pin = pin8

  	#set up crash sensor
  	CrashSensor_pin.set_pull(CrashSensor_pin.PULL_UP)

  	#other variables
  	has_text = False

  	while True:
  	if CrashSensor_pin.read_digital() == 1:
 		 if has_text == False : #checks if oled screen has the message already, if not add it
      oled_add_text_new_line(0, 0, "Your treasure is safe")
      has_text = True
  	LED_pin.write_digital(1)

  	else:
 			 #clear oled screen 
  		  oled_clear_screen()
			  has_text = False

  		#make LED blink
 				 LED_pin.write_digital(0)
 				 time.sleep(0.1)
 				 LED_pin.write_digital(1)
  			time.sleep(0.1)

35.6. 项目05：工厂监测设备#

引脚布局

蜂鸣器：Pin0
土壤湿度传感器：Pin1
OLED：I2C行（位于BoB的底部）

../../_images/FbFpru8.jpg

from microbit import *
	import time
	import math
	import music

	# Adapted from https://github.com/fizban99/microbit_ssd1306
	OLED_ADDR = 0x3c
	oled_screen = bytearray('b\x40') + bytearray(512)

	def oled_initialize():
	for c in ([0xae], [0xa4], [0xd5, 0xf0], [0xa8, 0x3f], [0xd3, 0x00], [0 | 0x0], [0x8d, 0x14], [0x20, 0x00], [0x21, 0, 127], [0x22, 0, 63], [0xa0 | 0x1], [0xc8], [0xda, 0x12], [0x81, 0xcf], [0xd9, 0xf1], [0xdb, 0x40], [0xa6], [0xd6, 1], [0xaf]):
    i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray(c))

	def oled_set_pos(col=0, page=0):
	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray([0xb0 | page]))
 	c1, c2 = col * 2 & 0x0F, col >> 3
 	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray([0x00 | c1]))
	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x00' + bytearray([0x10 | c2]))

	def oled_clear_screen(c=0):
	 global oled_screen
	 oled_set_pos()
	 for i in range(1, 513):
    oled_screen[i] = 0
	oled_draw_screen()

	def oled_draw_screen():
	global oled_screen
	oled_set_pos()
	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, oled_screen)

	def oled_add_text(x, y, text):
	global oled_screen
	 for i in range(0, min(len(text), 12 - x)):
   	 for c in range(0, 5):
        col = 0
        for r in range(1, 6):
            p = Image(text[i]).get_pixel(c, r - 1)
            col = col | (1 << r) if (p != 0) else col
        ind = x * 10 + y * 128 + i * 10 + c * 2 + 1
        oled_screen[ind], oled_screen[ind + 1] = col, col
	oled_set_pos(x * 5, y)
	ind0 = x * 10 + y * 128 + 1
	i2c.write(OLED_ADDR, b'\x40' + oled_screen[ind0 : (ind+1)])

	#allow overflow to go onto the next line
	def oled_add_text_new_line(x, y, text):
	length_text = len(text)
	separated_text = []
	counter = 0
	num_of_lines = math.ceil(length_text/12)
	letters_in_line = 12
 
	for line in range(0,num_of_lines):
    separated_text.append([])
    #separated_text[line].append(y*(line+1))
    for l in range(0,letters_in_line):
        separated_text[line].append(text[letters_in_line*line+l])
        counter +=1
        if counter == length_text:
            break
 
	#draw letters
	 	for i in range(0,len(separated_text)):
    	oled_add_text(x,y+i,separated_text[i])
     

	# Screen divided into 12 columns and 4 rows

	oled_initialize()
	oled_clear_screen()

	# Start Plant Monitoring Device Code here 

	#pins
	Buzzer_pin = pin0
	MoistureSensor_pin = pin1
	Servo_pin = pin8

	#other variables
	healthWarning = False
	oled_add_text_new_line(0, 0, "Your plant is in good condition")

	while True:
	if MoistureSensor_pin.read_analog() <50:
    if healthWarning == False : #checks if oled screen has the message already, if not add it
        oled_clear_screen()
        oled_add_text_new_line(0, 0, "Moisture level is: %d" % MoistureSensor_pin.read_analog())
        oled_add_text_new_line(0, 2, "Water your plant!")
        healthWarning = True
    	music.play('b3:1', pin = Buzzer_pin)
     
	else:
    #clear oled screen
  	 if healthWarning == True:
        oled_clear_screen()
        healthWarning = False
        oled_add_text_new_line(0, 0, "Your plant is in good condition")

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课程_35 MicroPython:音乐机器

Contents

35. 课程_35 MicroPython:音乐机器#

35.1. 入门#

编译前准备#

35.2. 项目01：音乐机器#

35.3. 项目02：智能灯#

35.4. 项目03：Electro-Theremin#

35.5. 项目04：简单报警箱#

35.6. 项目05：工厂监测设备#